Active / Passive Verb Forms
Sentences
can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms"
and "passive forms." You must learn to recognize the difference to
successfully speak English.
Active Form
In
active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and
the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
Examples:
Form
In
passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the
sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of
the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing
receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also
use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do
not want to mention who is doing the action.
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]
Examples:
Active / Passive Overview
Active
|
Passive
|
|
Simple Present
|
Once a week, Tom cleans the
house.
|
Once a week, the house is
cleaned by Tom.
|
Present Continuous
|
Right now, Sarah is writing
the letter.
|
Right now, the letter is being
written by Sarah.
|
Simple Past
|
Sam repaired the car.
|
The car was repaired by
Sam.
|
Past Continuous
|
The salesman was helping
the customer when the thief came into the store.
|
The customer was being helped
by the salesman when the thief came into the store.
|
Present Perfect
|
Many tourists have visited
that castle.
|
That castle has been visited
by many tourists.
|
Present Perfect Continuous
|
Recently, John has been doing
the work.
|
Recently, the work has been
being done by John.
|
Past Perfect
|
George had repaired many
cars before he received his mechanic's license.
|
Many cars had been repaired
by George before he received his mechanic's license.
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
Chef Jones had been preparing
the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris.
|
The restaurant's fantastic dinners
had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to
Paris.
|
Simple Future
will |
Someone will finish the
work by 5:00 PM.
|
The work will be finished
by 5:00 PM.
|
Simple Future
be going to |
Sally is going to make a
beautiful dinner tonight.
|
A beautiful dinner is going to
be made by Sally tonight.
|
Future Continuous
will |
At 8:00 PM tonight, John will
be washing the dishes.
|
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will
be being washed by John.
|
Future Continuous
be going to |
At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going
to be washing the dishes.
|
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are
going to be being washed by John.
|
Future Perfect
will |
They will have completed
the project before the deadline.
|
The project will have been
completed before the deadline.
|
Future Perfect
be going to |
They are going to have
completed the project before the deadline.
|
The project is going to have
been completed before the deadline.
|
Future Perfect Continuous
will |
The famous artist will have
been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.
|
The mural will have been being
painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is
finished.
|
Future Perfect Continuous
be going to |
The famous artist is going to
have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is
finished.
|
The mural is going to have been
being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is
finished.
|
Used to
|
Jerry used to pay the
bills.
|
The bills used to be paid
by Jerry.
|
Would Always
|
My mother would always make the
pies.
|
The pies would always be made by
my mother.
|
Future in the Past
Would |
I knew John would finish
the work by 5:00 PM.
|
I knew the work would be
finished by 5:00 PM.
|
Future in the Past
Was Going to |
I thought Sally was going to
make a beautiful dinner tonight.
|
I thought a beautiful dinner was
going to be made by Sally tonight.
|